Ethephon

Features:
1) Common name: ethephon
2) Chemical name: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid
3) Molecular formula: C2H6ClO3P
4) Molecular weight: 144.5
5) CAS No.: [16672-80-07]

Physical-chemical properties:
1) Appearance: colorless solid
2) Melting point: 74-75oC
3) Vapor pressure: c. 265oC (decomp.)
4) Boiling point range: <0.01MPa (20oC)
5) Solubility: readily soluble in water, readily soluble in methanol, ethanol, 
    isopropanol, acetone, diethyl ether, and other polar organic solvents. 
    Sparingly soluble in non-polar organic solvents such as benzene and
    toluene. Insoluble in kerosene and diesel oil.
6) Stability: Stable in aqueous solutions having pH <5. At higher pH, 
    decomposition occurs with the liberation of ethylene. Sensitive to 
    u.v. irradiation.
7) Technical specification: 91%, 85%, 80% tech and 70%, 75% liquid for tech.
8) Formulation: 1000g/L, 800g/L, 720g/L, 660g/L, 480g/L and 40% (W/W) SL
    for formulation 10%, 5% and 2.5% for rubber stimulant
9) Analysis: GC (HG 2311-92) or analysis by measuring ethylene produced 
    on treatment with concentrated alkali

Packing: 200L, 120L and 25L plastic drum.

Applications:
1) Action: plant growth regulator with systemic properties. It penetrates into
    plant tissue, and is decomposed to ethylene; which affects growth 
    processes.
2) Uses: widely used to accelerate ripening of fruits, tomato, sugar beet, 
    coffee, etc; to increase the tillering of wheat and rice; to prevent lodging
    in rice, maize and flax; to accelerate boll opening and defoliation in cotton;
    to hasten the yellowing of mature tobacco leaves; to stimulate latex flow 
    in rubber trees, and resin flow in pine trees; to stimulate early uniform
    hull split in walnuts; etc.

Toxicology:
1) Oral: acute oral LD50 for rats 4229mg/kg
2) Skin and eyes: acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits 5730mg/kg.
    Irritating to skin and eyes
3) Inhalation: LC50 (4h) for rats 6.26mg/L
4) NOEL: (2y) for rats 3000ppm diet
5) ADI: (JMPR) 0.05mg/kg b.w.
6) Birds: acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quails 1072mg/kg
7) Fish: LC50 (96h) for carp >140, rainbow trout 720mg/L
8) Bees: not toxic to bees
9) Daphnia EC50 (48h) 577.4mg/L